{"id":4946,"date":"2016-06-16T19:55:57","date_gmt":"2016-06-17T00:55:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/?p=4946"},"modified":"2021-08-24T08:02:32","modified_gmt":"2021-08-24T13:02:32","slug":"article-review-child-focused-vs-context-focused-intervention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/06\/16\/article-review-child-focused-vs-context-focused-intervention\/","title":{"rendered":"Article Review: Child-focused vs. Context-focused Intervention"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Written by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/carlo-vialu-pt-mba\/\">Carlo Vialu, PT, MBA<\/a>, co-creator of SeekFreaks. He loves promoting function and participation for children and youth with disabilities, from our assessment to our interventions, via his continuing education courses:<a class=\"aioseop-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/\"> <\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/school-based-symposiums\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Well-Equipped Therapist! School-based OT &amp; PT Symposiums<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshop-topics\/everythings-measurable\/\" target=\"_blank\">Everything&#8217;s Measurable<\/a>, and the live online <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshops\/\" target=\"_blank\">Experts Series<\/a>. Read more about these courses after the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"107409\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/join-our-school-based-ot-and-pt-symposiums-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-107409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">School-based OT &amp; PT Symposiums<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"107406\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/join-our-online-experts-series\/\" class=\"wp-image-107406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series.png 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Experts Series<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"107408\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/everythings-measurable-fall-2021\/\" class=\"wp-image-107408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Everything&#8217;s Measurable!<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[smbtoolbar]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine somebody tied both of your hands behind your back and asked you to provide therapeutic interventions. Can you still effect change? Are you still an occupational therapist or a physical therapist? While this study tried to answer the first question, it inadvertently also answered the latter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>The Context-focused Approach<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an accompanying article, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03959.x\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Darrah et al (2011)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> described a novel treatment approach \u201cthat focuses on changing factors in the task and environment rather than on remediating a child\u2019s motor impairment.\u201d You may be thinking, \u201cThat\u2019s not so novel; I do that all the time.\u201d It was novel because it was prescriptive: remediation of impairments is not permitted at all! In addition, it encourages therapists to build on the child\u2019s current movement strategy (even those traditionally thought of as atypical), and discourages the use of hierarchical preference of movement solutions. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The \u201ccontext-focused approach\u201d as it came to be known uses a primary therapist model, where only one therapist, either an OT or a PT, conducts assessments and interventions for the child, while the other provide consultation to the primary therapist to problem-solve issues within his\/her expertise. While we encourage you to read the full article for a thorough description of this approach, we summarized the general steps below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Identifying the tasks the child is ready to learn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This is accomplished by conducting the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) with the parent to identify motor skills that the child is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">initiating, trying to modify or showing an interest in performing<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but is having difficulty accomplishing. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Videotaping<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The child is videotaped performing the tasks identified in #1<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Task analysis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The therapist and the parent observe the child and watch the video, \u00a0\u00a0identifying task and environmental factors that promote or hinder performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Intervention planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Parent and therapist agrees on task and environmental modifications. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Practice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Task is practiced in the natural environment with agreed-upon modifications. Initially, therapist works intensely with the child and family to find the best strategy via trial and error. The family is then left alone to \u201cexperiment\u201d and \u201cprovide the child with practice time.\u201d <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Monitoring<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Therapists expect quick success. Using a \u201cfail quickly\u201d approach, strategies that are ineffective after 2 weeks of trial are re-evaluated. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The investigators found that therapists in their pilot study still preferred to use remediation over task and environmental modification. So they became more prescriptive in not allowing therapists to use any remediation strategy. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Darrah et al (2011) provided some examples of interventions in pre-kindergarten students. A child learning to balance himself on the toilet seat was asked to sit from the side so he can hold on to the sink for support. Another child became successful picking up cereals to feed himself in one session by spreading peanut butter on his fingertips (with the assumption that peanut butter will not be necessary in the future when he develops a pincer grasp). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Time to Test it Out<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the context-focused approach defined, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03962.x\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law, et al (2011)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> set out to test its efficacy against a child-focused approach (the child-focused approach utilized strategies to remediate impairments underlying a functional limitation). \u00a0Subjects were divided into 2 groups and received either approaches for 6 months: 71 subjects for the child-focused group and 57 for the context-focused group. All children were diagnosed with cerebral palsy, classified across different Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels, from I to V. The children were 12 months old to 5 years 11 months old.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students were tested prior to start of the intervention, after the 6-month intervention period, and 3 months after the end of the interventions (during which time the subjects returned to their usual intervention). Measures utilized include: Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), Gross Motor Functional Measure (GMFM), range of motion (ROM) and the Assessment of Preschool Children\u2019s Participation (ACPC). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Findings<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both groups showed significantly improved PEDI, GMFM and ACPC scores after 6 months of intervention. There were no significant differences in the test performance of both groups. No further change was noted at the 9th month testing (after the children resumed their regular therapy sessions), except for the PEDI Caregiver Mobility Scale, where a slight increase was recorded in the child-focused group, while a slight decrease was recorded in the context-focused group. Both groups exhibited maintenance of range of motion for hip extension, popliteal angle and ankle dorsiflexion, and an increase for hip abduction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The top 5 strategies used by the therapists applying the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">child-focused approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the study were:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practice of upper extremity motor activities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practice of functional mobility activities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Training components of movement<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practice of stationary gross motor skills<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stretching<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, the top 5 strategies for therapists applying the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">context-focused approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modifying physical characteristics of environment, task, materials or tools<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practice of functional mobility activities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changing a task instruction<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adding adaptive equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Providing education\/instruction to the family<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comparing the 2 approaches, they share only 1 common strategy among their Top 5s &#8211; the practice of functional mobility activities. On average, the child-focused subjects received 18.7 sessions in 6 months, while the context-focused subjects received 17.7 sessions in 6 months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now the good news, bad news. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good news! That there was generally no decline at the 9th month testing means that the children retained the skills they have learned &#8211; one sign that motor learning occurred. Bad news is that there was generally no improvement despite the children receiving their \u201cusual therapy\u201d during this time &#8211; which puts into question the usual therapy they were receiving. The study points out inconclusively that this may be due to the general decrease in frequency of services (inconclusively because different studies have reported different results with regards to frequency &#8211; so I guess, the resolution regarding optimal dosage will have to wait). Are there other reasons at play, such as the type and manner of intervention they received?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>SeekFreaks Take-aways<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are some interesting results and lessons from this study:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>The context-focused approach is as effective as the child-focused approach.<\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though no doubt an interesting result, it makes sense if you look at it from the motor learning perspective. Motor learning can occur by <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/03\/15\/motoropoly-2-motor-learning-in-school-specificity-difficulty-variability\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">modifying the task and the environment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to encourage the child to practice the task <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/04\/04\/motoropoly-3-motor-learning-in-school-salience-frequency-whole-vs-part-practice\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">repeatedly<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, utilizing strategies that the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/03\/08\/motoropoly-1-motor-learning-principles-in-school-instruction-feedback-demonstration\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">child\u2019s body affords him<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>Passive stretching may not be necessary to maintain range of motion.<\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since remediation strategies such as stretching is not allowed under the context-focused approach, the investigators were concerned that range of motion (ROM) will be lost. Thus, in addition to the pre- and post-tests, ROM was also measured 3 months into the intervention. The results, therefore put into question not just this concern, but also the utility of stretching. It supports the findings of <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ptjournal.apta.org\/content\/91\/1\/11.short\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Owen et al (2011)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpop.dk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Katalinic-2010-CR.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katalinic et al (2010)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that regular stretching did not produce clinically important changes in joint mobility. So, is it time for therapists to stop stretching?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This result may also support the idea that there are other ways to maintain range of motion, such as through active movement when completing functional activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>GMFM may improve without direct focus on motor skills.<\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The investigators surmised that \u201cthe ability to improve functional skills and practice them more often contributed to the changes in their motor abilities.\u201d Perhaps, this may mean that being prescriptive on <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to perform an activity may not be necessary in improving motor skills. We can set up the task and environment to provide frequent opportunities for practice, and encourage students to utilize strategies that their body allows. (Do you have a better stipulation on why this happened? Share below.)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>Families can be involved from assessment to intervention.<\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We all know that the family can be a great resource in getting to know the child. This study further supports that they can also be our partners in assessment, goal setting, intervention planning and intervention implementation. Partner up with families and empower them to help their children improve! <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In school-based practice, I would extend this lesson to teachers and other school staff. Like families, they spend the most time with our students in schools. So, similarly, we should partner with them when assessing the student, setting goals, planning interventions and implementing them. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>Both groups of therapists have embraced practice of functional mobility activities.<\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the sake of the study, the researchers had to be strict, and instructed therapists to either provide remediation alone, or task and environmental modification without remediation. It was great news to hear that despite this limitation, both groups still chose to practice functional mobility activities. If there has been a preponderance in evidence for our practice, it is that an activity-focused approach is essential in learning motor skills.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>The primary therapist model is feasible, and can be just as effective.<\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The researchers noted that one of the advantages of the primary therapist model is having a primary contact. Therefore, families \u201cdo not have to filter and manage intervention ideas from many resources.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><b>We are still therapists even if somebody tied our hands behind our backs! <\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hooray! It might actually be the use of our cognitive skills (i.e., clinical reasoning, task analysis, problem-solving and other relevant skills) that makes us effective&#8230;and therefore, worthy of the title \u201coccupational therapist\u201d or \u201cphysical therapist.\u201d Shake off the need to be hands-on all the time. \u201cBrains on\u201d can also be just as effective.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Final Thoughts<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, is one approach better than the other? Two cliches come to mind: \u201ceverything in moderation, including moderation itself\u201d and \u201cthere is a time for everything and everything in its time.\u201d Each intervention approach has its own merits &#8211; a statement which we think is supported by this study. As therapists, we should discern when one is needed more than the other. However, what Darrah, et al (2011) showed us is that therapists love gravitating towards focusing on the child, and do not take enough advantage of focusing on the context. We should strive to achieve the right proportion of each that is needed depending on the situation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This lesson is most useful for all us in school-based practice, where a therapist\u2019s \u201chands on\u201d time may be limited. We should partner with parents\/guardians, teachers and other school staff. Together, we can conduct ecological assessments, create goals and plan interventions, modify the school task and environment, try out strategies to find ones that create success quickly, and encourage practice of the skills in the natural environment. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Join Carlo Vialu and other experts at these all evidence-based, all practical continuing education online courses:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/school-based-symposiums\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-School-based-OT-and-PT-Symposiums-1-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/school-based-symposiums\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School-based OT &amp; PT Symposiums<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshop-topics\/everythings-measurable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Everythings-Measurable-Fall-2021-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshop-topics\/everythings-measurable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Everything&#8217;s Measurable!<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series.png 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Join-Our-Online-Experts-Series-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experts Series<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Join-Apply-EBP-Fall-2021-Winter-2022-Courses-Across-the-US.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Join-Apply-EBP-Fall-2021-Winter-2022-Courses-Across-the-US.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Join-Apply-EBP-Fall-2021-Winter-2022-Courses-Across-the-US-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Join-Apply-EBP-Fall-2021-Winter-2022-Courses-Across-the-US-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Join-Apply-EBP-Fall-2021-Winter-2022-Courses-Across-the-US-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applyebp.com\/live-workshops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Live Courses Near You<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Written by Carlo Vialu, PT, MBA, co-creator of SeekFreaks. He loves promoting function and participation for children and youth with disabilities, from our assessment to our interventions, via his continuing education courses: The Well-Equipped Therapist! School-based OT &amp; PT Symposiums,&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/06\/16\/article-review-child-focused-vs-context-focused-intervention\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evidence","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4946"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107558,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4946\/revisions\/107558"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}