{"id":778,"date":"2016-01-06T00:38:57","date_gmt":"2016-01-06T00:38:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/?p=778"},"modified":"2020-02-19T21:46:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T02:46:53","slug":"article-review-physical-activity-and-academic-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/01\/06\/article-review-physical-activity-and-academic-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"ARTICLE  REVIEW: Physical Activity Improves Academic Performance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[smbtoolbar]<\/p>\n<p>Happy New Year, SeekFreaks!<\/p>\n<p>Fitness has always been at the top of many new year&#8217;s resolutions. As school-based practitioners, we should have the same resolution for our students with disabilities, and help make it happen. So, we start the year by providing resources and discussions on increasing opportunities for physical activity in our schools.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/HealthyYouth\/health_and_academics\/pdf\/pa-pe_paper.pdf\">CDC study<\/a> may be 5 years old, but we believe it is of great use for school-based PTs as an advocacy tool for promoting movement throughout the school day. Every school-based PT should be ready to share the knowledge gleaned from this study with teachers, administrators and other school personnel. The study is proof that movement throughout the school day and week promotes learning. It also includes suggestions on how to create opportunities for physical activity.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study looked at 4 different types of physical activities:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical education&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recess<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Classroom-based physical activity <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extracurricular physical activities<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Their Findings<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical Education<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PE intervention studies found 1 or more positive associations with academic skills and attitudes:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10 studies found &#8211; \u2191 achievement test scores<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3 studies each found &#8211; \u2191 attention or concentration; \u2191 perception of academic or intellectual competence<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 studies each found &#8211; impulse control; improved conduct<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 study each found &#8211; \u2191 self-esteem; \u2191 creativity; \u2191 perceived self-concept; \u2191 life satisfaction; \u2191 grade<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was no reported negative relationship between increased time for PE and academic achievement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recess<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recess intervention studies found one or more positive associations with academic skills &amp; attitudes<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4 studies found &#8211; \u2191 attention and concentration<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4 studies found &#8211; improved on-task behavior (\u2193 fidgeting)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At least 15 minutes of recess improved classroom behavior<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Classroom-based Physical Activity<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Classroom-based physical activity intervention studies found positive associations with academic skills and attitudes:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5 studies found &#8211; \u2191 achievement test scores<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 study each found &#8211; \u2191 attention or concentration; \u2191 visual\/spatial skills; improved classroom behavior <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Activities lasted 5-20 minutes per session, delivered on a daily or regular basis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was no reported negative relationship between time for classroom physical activity and academic achievement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extracurricular Physical Activities<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extracurricular physical activity intervention studies found positive associations with academic skills and attitudes:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6 studies found &#8211; \u2191 self-esteem\/self-concept<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3 studies found &#8211; \u2191 motor ability<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 study each found &#8211; \u2191 working memory; \u2191 attendance; \u2191 grade point average<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extracurricular physical activity non-intervention studies found 28 more positive associations with academic skills and attitudes, including 11 that found \u2191 grade point average. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Activities included sports or exercises.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 studies found participation in extracurricular physical activity \u2193 high school dropout rates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>PT and Academics<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">School-based PTs who are struggling to find a clear connection between PT and academics need look no further: academic performance is enhanced by movement, and PTs are experts in movement! Teachers can more readily buy into a movement program if they know that it will help improve their student\u2019s academic performance. They will also find it helpful that students&#8217; classroom behavior is likely to improve. Physical activities may make students less fidgety and more attentive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A frequent concern of teachers and school administrators is that physical activity will take time away from the students\u2019 learning. They will be pleased to learn that this study found that time spent on physical activities had no adverse effect on the students\u2019 academics. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Students with Disabilities and Movement<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Movement opportunities throughout the school day may be even more important for students with disabilities. They engage in less physical activities than their peers with typical development, and, consequently, develop more secondary impairments. (<a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2015\/09\/13\/pt-fitness-promotion\/\">Rowland et al, 2015<\/a>) &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to the academic benefits described above, physical activities can also give them opportunities to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">build their strength and endurance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">practice skilled movement multiple times in a day (e.g., exercises that require maintaining dynamic balance while performing tasks like reaching or bending)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">socialize with their peers in fun and interactive situations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prevent secondary impairments, such as obesity and its comorbidities<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Take-aways<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the school\u2019s movement experts, PTs should tout the academic benefits of movement and:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote all forms of movement activities in the school. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Find opportunities for movement throughout the school day. This can be as short as 5 minutes of movement prior to classroom lessons a few times a day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collaborate with teachers and provide them with resources for classroom movement activities so they can lead them independently and confidently.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We&#8217;ll share some classroom movement resources with you next week. In the meantime, spread the word: movement is good for academic performance!&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>~~~~~~~~~~ 0 ~~~~~~~~~~<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Readers of this article also read:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/02\/10\/7-wheelchair-tests-school-based-therapist\/\">7 Wheelchair Operation Tests for School-based Therapists<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/05\/04\/iep-4-0-creating-an-intentional-plan-of-care\/\">IEP 4.0 &#8211; Creating an Intentional Plan of Care<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2015\/10\/29\/rti-pt-part1\/\">Response to Intervention, Multiple Tier Systems of Support and PT&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/07\/05\/resource-top-10-walking-tests-for-school-based-pts\/\">Top 10 Walking Tests for School-based PTs<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[smbtoolbar] Happy New Year, SeekFreaks! Fitness has always been at the top of many new year&#8217;s resolutions. As school-based practitioners, we should have the same resolution for our students with disabilities, and help make it happen. So, we start the&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/2016\/01\/06\/article-review-physical-activity-and-academic-performance\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evidence","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=778"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100880,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions\/100880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.seekfreaks.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}